GIS环境下基于DEM的水文特征提取

Extraction of Hydrological Feature Based on DEM in GIS Environment

以三水河流域为研究对象,采用ASTER GDEM数据为基础数据,探讨了运用ArcGIS软件中的Hydrology工具集进行流域水文特征提取的过程,阐述了Hydrology工具集中各水文工具提取河网水系、划分流域及子流域方法的关键步骤。提取出的三水河流域特征信息与标准流域特征对比表明:基于DEM的流域水文特征自动提取的河网信息及子流域、河段、汇流点等水文要素信息可直接作为水文建模的输入数据,大大提高了水文模型的效率,并且可以方便地利用遥感等数据源,数据获取速度快、成本低。

Taking Sanshui River basin as the research object, how to extract basin hydrological features based on ASTER GDEM data was studied using hydrology toolsets of ArcGIS software, and the key steps of hydrological tools for extracting the stream network and dividing sub-basins were described step by step. The comparisons of the extracted Sanshui River basin characteristics and the standard watershed characteristics indicate that, the hydrological factors such as river network, sub-basin and river confluence point automatically extracted from DEM-based hydrological characteristics can be directly used as input data for hydrological modeling, which greatly improves the efficiency of the hydrological model, and can also easily use remote sensing data source. The data acquisition is fast with low cost.