单孔同位素稀释示踪法测定地下水渗流速度、流向的技术发展

Advance of the technique to determine the velocity and direction of groundwater by single-hole isotope diluting and tracing method

地下水渗流速度、流向不仅是地下水渗流场研究中两个重要的动态参数,而且是测定含水层渗透系数、渗流量等水文地质参数的主要参量。本文结合前人研究成果,系统梳理了应用放射性同位素测定地下水渗流速度、流向的技术方法与工作流程等,其中比较详细的分析了井孔中有垂向流和无垂向流情况下,应用放射性同位素单孔稀释法测定渗流速度的方法与适用条件,旨在为广泛开展地下水渗流场参数的野外观测与研究提供可行的技术途径。作为一种地下水渗流场参数定量研究的技术方法,单孔稀释示踪法在与渗流场研究有关的水库诱发地震机理、地下流体对构造活动的影响过程、地下流体强震异常解释、地震地下流体异常落实等方面具有广泛的应用前景。

The flow velocity and direction of groundwater are not only two important dynamic parameters in seepage research, but also main parameters for determination of hydrogeological parameters, such as permeability coefficient, seepage discharge and so on. Based on previous research, this article systemizes the basic principles, technique methods, working process in determining the flow velocity and direction using radioisotopes, and gives a detailed analysis of the method of determining flow velocity by means of single-hole radioi- sotope diluting and tracing with and without vertical flow in hole, as well as lists some engi- neering examples. As a technique for the quantitative research of seepage parameters, the method of single-hole diluting and tracing has wide application prospect in the study on the mechanism of reservoir induced earthquake, the process of the effect of subsurface fluid on tectonic activity, the explanation of subsurface fluid anomaly and earthquake anomaly imple- ment which are related to seepage research.