关于马基雅维利主义的道德心理研究

Moral Psychological Studies on Machiavellianism

上世纪60～70年代,Christie创造了马基雅维利主义的心理学构念,而Exline,Geis和Bogart开创了关于马基雅维利主义的道德心理研究,后继研究者继承并不断完善他们的实验方法,探讨了马基雅维利主义与不道德行为(尤其是欺骗和逢迎)、道德判断(包括道德观和道德推理)、道德教育的关系。研究结果发现,尽管有证据证明马基雅维利主义与不道德行为存在密切关系,但两者是否是直接的因果关系仍存争议,不过多数学者一致认为马基雅维利主义者的不道德行为缘于其道德判断和道德教育,他们决策时将传统道德标准排除在决策标准体系之外,因此描述他们道德判断应采用"非道德"而不是"不道德"。

Christie initiated the psychological studies on Maehiavellianism during 1960s ,Exline ,Geis and Bogart developed the researches on Maehiavellianism in a moral psychological view. Following these pioneers＇ steps and continuously refining their experimental methods ,the succeeding researchers probed the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical behavior（ especially deception and ingratiation）, moral judgment（ including moral philosophy and moral reasoning）and moral education. Researches have not ceased the controversy about whether there is directly causal relationship between MaehiaveUianism and unethical behavior, although a number of reports have certified Machiavellianism and unethieal behavior are tightly correlated. However, most of the researchers unanimously believe that Machiavellian behave unethically due to their unique moral judgment and education, they exclude the conventional moral standards when making decisions. Therefore, their behavior should be described as a moral instead of immoral.