芦山县血吸虫病传播控制后流行因素调查

Investigation on epidemic factors after schistosomiasis transmission controlled in Lushan County

目的探索大山区血吸虫病流行区传播控制后影响血吸虫病流行的主要因素。方法选择四川省芦山县大山区高山平坝型的清江村、高山丘陵型的五星村、高山峡谷型的火炬村开展农业结构、卫生设施、人类行为调查;采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法调查钉螺分布和感染,血清免疫学和粪便孵化法检查人群血吸虫感染,塑料杯顶管孵化法检查耕牛和犬血吸虫感染等情况;开展野鼠血吸虫感染情况调查。结果试点村仍以传统农业为主,清江村、五星村和火炬村无害化厕所普及率分别为22.30%、41.17%和41.64%。安全饮水率火炬村为99.16%,其他村均为100%;生活用沟渠水分别为22.99%、0和0.85%。3个村钉螺、野粪、耕牛感染率均为0;人群感染率分别为0.18%、0.15%和2.62%;犬感染率除火炬村为2.41%外,其他为0;野鼠感染率均为0。结论芦山县达到血吸虫病传播控制后,除应加强人群和耕牛的监测外,还应加强其他传染源的监测,并开发有针对性的灭螺方法。

Objective To explore schistosomiasis endemic factors in large mountainous areas where schistosomiasis transmission has been controlled. Methods Qingjiang Village, Lushan County, Sichuan Province, a alpine ＂ Pingba＂ type of large mountain area, Wuxing Village, a alpine hilly type of large mountainous area, and Huoju Village, a alpine canyon type of large mountainous area were selected as study areas, and the agricultural structure, health facilities, and human behavior were investi- gated. The Oncomelania snail status was surveyed by using the system sampling method combined with the environmental sampling method. The schistosome infections of population were investigated with the serum immunology method and stool hatching method, and the schistosome infections of cattle and dogs were investigated with the plastic cup top tube hatching method. Results There was a traditional agricultural structure in these villages, and the coverage rates of harmless toilets were 23.20%, 41.17%, and 41.64% in Qingjiang Village, Wuxing Village, and Huoju Village, respectively; the safe drinking water rates were 100%, 100% and 99.16% in the aforementioned villages, respectively; the rates of using ditch water for life were 22.99%, 0 and 0.85% in the aforementioned villages, respectively. The snails, wild feces, and the infection of cattle were not found. The schistosome infection rates of residents were 0.18%, 0.15%, and 6.26% in the aforementioned villages, respectively; the schistosome infection rates of dogs were 0, 0 and 2.41% in the aforementioned villages respectively. The infection rates of field rodents were all zero in the afore- mentioned villages. Conclusions We should strengthen the schistosomiasis monitoring of people and cattle, strengthening the monitoring of other infectious sources, and develop a targeted snail control method in Lushan County.