汉语副词“重复——语气”语义演变模式初探——以“又”为例

Semantic Evolution Mode between Repetition and Mood of Chinese adverbs: "Again"

以"又"为典型代表的汉语重复义副词有向表达与语气相关的语法意义虚化的语义演变趋势。这种语义意义的产生根源上与副词"又"的基本义"追加、重复"有密切联系。由"追加"义虚化而来的"转折"义副词"又"将否定前提的三段论命题衔接起来,从而构成对否定语气的强化;反诘问句中的副词"又"由于疑问成分的变化和衔接前后分句语义关系的扩展,逐渐由基本义"表示动作行为的重复发生"虚化为加强反诘语气。

It is a trend that the repetition adverbs grammatiealize to the adverbs whose grammatical meanings are about mood in Chinese. For the Repetition Adverb ＂again＂（ you in Chinese）, there is a strong link between its grammatical meanings and its basic meaning. The transitional adverb ＂again＂ coming from the additional meaning works as an linker in the syllogism with a negative premise. Consequently, ＂again＂ can strengthen the negative mood in the sentence. As a result of both the grammaticalization of interrogative pronouns and the function extend of interrogative adverbs in the rhetorical sentence, the adverb ＂again＂ ＇ has a semantic evolution from repetition to strengthening the rhetorical mood.