食品安全规制的研究脉络和展望

Sequence and future study of food safety regulation

食品安全是一个与人类生存密切相关的问题,食品供给者缺乏社会责任心和长远的眼光,唯利是图,会减少他人和社会的福利;信息不对称是产生市场失灵的主要原因,食品安全的负外部性的存在导致了食品安全规制的产生与发展。食品安全制度的选择是消费者、农户、食品制造商、食品零售商、政府、纳税人等利益集团博弈的结果,不同利益集团对食品安全制度的诉求不同;主体间利益关系的博弈可能会导致食品安全规制部门不断改进规制方法,但也可能会导致其被食品生产企业所"俘虏";各种规制方法的不同成本和效率成为改进实施方法最直接的动因。全球食品安全问题不容乐观,构建和完善食品安全规制的体系和体制亟待进行。总的来看,食品安全规制的研究正日益注重博弈论和数理经济学的相关方法的应用,注重相关策略和标准的成本—效率分析,向客观理性的深层次研究迈进;国内有关食品安全规制的研究滞后于欧美等发达国家的研究,亟需结合实践,开展理论创新。

Food safety is closely related to human. The mercenary food suppliers lacking a sense of social responsibility and future vision would reduce the profits of others and society, and the asymmetric information is the mainly reason for the market failure. The negative externalities of the food safety led to the emergence and development of the food safety regulation. The game among different interest group which include consumers, farmers, food manufacturers, government and tax bearers forms food safety regulation. Different interest group has different request for food safety regulation. The game among different interest group will cause the authorities to improve the food regulation, and it may also make regulation captured by the food manufacturers. The cost and efficiency of different regulation method is the direct reason caused the methods . The food safety situation worldwide is not optimistic and it is vital to establish and perfect the system of food safety regulation.. In general, the study of food safety regulation is increasingly focusing on the use of game theory and mathematical economics, paying improvementattention to the analysis of cost and efficiency of relative policy and standardization, and the study is becoming objectively and rationally. It is extremely urgent to make theoretical innovation combined with practice since the domestic study on the food safety regulation is lagging behind that of foreign countries.