农民工政治效能感的现状和后果:基于实证的比较研究

The Status and Consequence of Migrant Workers' Political Efficacy:An Empirical and Comparative Study

在农民工政治参与研究中,大部分文献关注农民工的制度环境和工作环境,很少有文献关注作为参与主体的农民工自身的现状。这种强调外部世界的研究路径忽视了对作为政治参与主体的农民工自身的考察,从而导致我们无法从农民工自身角度解释农民工政治参与行为的内在逻辑。因而,有必要从实证角度考察农民工政治参与的内部世界——政治效能感。调查数据显示,务工农民工和返乡农民工均缺乏政治效能感。这些研究发现在某种程度上回应了农民工政治参与既有的三种解释模式,即"素质论"、"城乡二元模式"和"理性选择论"。访谈记录显示,影响务工农民工和返乡农民工政治效能感的关键因素是基层政治生态。农民工普遍认为基层政治生态带有"血缘"和"关系"的成分。在农民工眼中,村民自治已经发生"内卷",由"村民自治"变为"村干部自治"、"村委会自治"。农民工的参与期望较高,表明他们期待一种文本意义上的"村民自治"。文章基于历史的分析和现实的考量提出了长期和短期两套应对策略。

In the study of migrant workers' political participation,most papers focus on the institution and environment instead of migrant workers themselves.As a result,most study could not explain the logic of migrant workers' political participation clearly. Thus,it is necessary to examine the internal world of migrant workers' political participation from an empirical point.The survey data shows that migrant workers lacking of political efficacy.The interview record shows that the key factor affecting migrant workers' political efficacy is the grass-root political ecology.In the view of migrant workers,the Institution of Villagers' Autonomy has changed from villagers' autonomy to cadres' autonomy.Based on the historical analysis,the article proposes two strategies to improve migrant workers' political efficacy.