不同施肥模式对茶园红黄壤细菌群落基因多样性的影响

Effect of different fertilization patterns on bacterial genetic diversity of red-yellow soil in tea garden

运用温度梯度凝胶电泳技术研究不同培肥措施下闽东地区红黄壤茶园定位实验地的土壤细菌群落基因多样性。结果表明,不同培肥措施对细菌丰富度和多样性都有明显的影响,其中单施无机肥降低了土壤细菌群落结构多样性,不利于保持茶园土壤生态系统的稳定性,而"无机肥+有机肥+豆科绿肥"综合培肥模式对土壤微生物丰富度和基因多样性提高幅度最大。聚类分析表明,不施肥与单施无机肥的细菌群落结构最为相近,而"无机肥+有机肥+豆科绿肥"和"无机肥+豆科绿肥"培肥模式的细菌群落结构与其它施肥处理间的差异性较大,其中"无机肥+有机肥+豆科绿肥"尤为显著,说明套种豆科绿肥对微生物群落结构有显著影响。"无机肥+有机肥+豆科绿肥"培肥模式的茶叶产量和茶叶营养物质累积量最大,这进一步佐证了此培肥模式能促进茶园生态系统生产力。

The effects of applications of varying fertilizers were elucidated on genetic diversity of bacterial communities in red-yellow soil. Soil samples were collected from Fu＇an experimental station in Fujian province, China with six different treatments ： CK （ control treatment）, NPK （ inorganic fertilizer）, O （ organic manure）, NPKO （ half inorganic fertilizer ＋ haft organic manure） , NPKL （inorganic fertilizer ＋ leguminous green manure）, NPKOL （half inorganic fertilizer ＋ half organic manure ＋ leguminous green manure）. Results showed that the significant bacterial variations both in species richness and diversity were seen under different treatments. Compared with other treatments, NPK treatment received lower bacterial diversity, indicating that NPK treatment decreased the stability of tea orchard soil ecosystem, NPKOL treatment, however, showed a dramatic shift in bacterial community with a greatest complexity of the banding pattern and highest soil bacterial diversity. Unweighted pair group method clustering （UPGMC） analysis of the TGGE banding patterns demonstra- ted that CK and NPK treatment had a similar banding pattern and clustered together firstly, whereas NPKL and NPKOL were clearly distinguished with other treatments, especially NPKOL treatment. Further, relative to other treatments, NPKOL were found to have higher tea yield and the accumulation of tea＇s nutriment, confirming that NPKOL treatment facilitated maintaining soil productivity of tea orchard ecosystem and achieving agricultural sustainable development.