不同粳稻品种在江西不同生态区的农学表现

Agronomic Performance of Different Japonica Rice Varieties in Different Eco-regions in Jiangxi Province

以2个杂交籼稻(II优838和天优华占)为对照,在江西3个生态区(新建、抚州和吉安)开展对比试验以明确不同类型粳稻品种在江西的生态适应性。结果表明,总体上,杂交粳稻比常规粳稻更具产量优势,晚粳比中粳表现更好。新建点两个播期(5月30日和6月19日,各点均为30 d秧龄)均为杂交晚粳产量最高,常规中粳最低,特别是5月30日播期的杂交晚粳平均产量达到10.95 t/hm2,显著高于对照籼稻。抚州点两个播期(5月30日和6月29日)均是对照籼稻产量最高,常规中粳最低,常规晚粳、杂交中粳和杂交晚粳之间无显著差异。吉安点5月30日和6月9日播期均是对照籼稻产量最高,杂交中粳最低;6月19日和6月29日播期分别是杂交晚粳和杂交中粳产量最高,但均与对照籼稻无显著差异。新建和抚州点均为5月30日播期产量最高,而吉安点6月9日播种最佳。新建点两个播期均是来自浙江的粳稻品种产量最高,但与来自湖北的品种和对照籼稻之间均无显著差异。抚州和吉安点不同来源地的粳稻品种产量随播期的不同表现不一。因此,江西发展粳稻生产的适宜地区应该主要集中在鄱阳湖平原及以北地区,品种应该以杂交晚粳为主,品种的引进以从纬度相近的浙江省为宜。

Compared with two indica hybrid rice varieties （Ⅱ-you 838 and Tianyouhuazhan）, a three - site experiment （Xinjian, Fuzhou and Ji＇ an） was conducted to investigate the agronomic performance of dif- ferent japonica rice varieties in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that, overall, the yield of hybrid japonica varieties was higher than that of conventional japonica varieties, and late japonica rice performed better than semilate japonica flee. At Xinjian site, the late hybrid japonica rice obtained the highest yield with the sere- ilate conventional japonica rice the lowest, the sowing dates were 30 May and 19 June （30-day-old seedlings at all the sites）. The yield of the late hybrid japonica rice averaged 10.95 t/hm2 whose sowing date was 30 May, significantly greater than that of the control indica hybrid rice. At Fuzhou site, the yield of the control indica hybrid rice was the highest with the semilate conventional japonica inbred rice. the lowest, whose sowing dates were both 30 May and 29 June, while there were no significant differences among the late conventional japonica rice, semilate hybrid japonica rice, and late hybrid japonica rice. At Ji＇ an site, the indica hybrid rice obtained the highest yield with the semilate hybrid japonica rice the lowest, the sowing dates were 30 May and 9 June. The late hybrid japonica rice and semilate hybrid japonica rice yielded the highest, the sowing dates were 19 June and 29 June, respectively, but did not significantly differ from the control hybrid indica rice. The optimum sowing date tbr high yield was 30 May at both Xinjian and Fuzhou, while that was 9 June at Ji＇ an. At Xinjian site, the yield of japonica rice varieties derived from Zhejiang Province was the highest with the both sowing dates, but did not significantly differ from those derived from Hubei Province and the control hybrid indica rice. At both Fuzhou and Ji＇ an sites, the yield of japonica rice varieties derived from dif- ferent native areas did not show a consistent trend, depending largely on the sowing date. Therefore, it can be concluded that the suitable region for japonica rice planting in Jiangxi Province may be the Poyang Lake plain and the area north of.it, and that the optimum variety type is the late hybrid japonica rice introduced from Zhe- jiang Province due to the similar latitude.