四种槭树属(Acer)植物秋色叶变化与色素含量和可溶性糖的关系

Relationships between Leaf Color Changes,the Contents of Pigment and Soluble Sugars in Leaves of Four Species of Acer in Autumn

为了探索三角枫、五角枫、元宝枫和小叶鸡爪槭这4种槭树属植物秋色叶变化与叶片中质体色素和可溶性糖含量的关系,在10月10日到11月11日叶片变色期,对其叶片中的质体色素和可溶性糖含量进行了连续测定和分析。结果表明:不同植物叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的变化趋势一致;花色素苷含量在秋色叶变红的三角枫和小叶鸡爪槭中显著上升,在秋色叶变黄的五角枫和元宝枫中上升不明显。当叶片中叶绿素占绝对优势时(60%以上),叶片呈现绿色;当叶片中花色素苷占绝对优势时(60%～80%),叶片呈现红色;当叶片中叶绿素和花色素苷比例减少到一定程度时(降到40%以下),叶片呈现出类胡萝卜素的黄色。可溶性糖含量先升后降,表现为单峰曲线;且其峰值在花色素苷的峰值前,说明可溶性糖是花色素苷合成的前提物质。

In order to explore the relationships between the leaf color changes, pigment contents and solu- ble sugars in leaves of Acer buergerianum Miq,A. mono Maxim,A. truncatum Bunge and A. ＂palmatum Thunb Vat. thunbergii Pax in Autumn, the pigment contents and soluble sugars in leaves of the 4 species＇ were deter- mined continuously from October 10 to November 11. The results indicated that the chlorophyll and carotenoid shared the same changing trend in the 4 species. The contents of anthocyanin increased oberviously in A. b^r- gerianum Miq and A. palmatum Thunb Var. thunbergii Pax whose leaf color turned red in autumn, and that did not increase significantly in A. mono Maxim. and A. truncatum Bunge whose leaf color turned yellow in autumn. The leaf color was green when the percentage of chlorophyll was relatively high （more than 60% ）. The leaf color was red when the percentage of anthocyanin was relatively high （ between 60% and 80% ）. The leaf color was yellow when the percentage of chlorophyll and anthocyanin was relatively low （ less than 40% ）. The contents of soluble sugar rose first and failed later and the curve was a single peak, which appeared earlier than that of anthocyanin. This showed soluble sugar was a prerequlsite substance for the synthesis of anthocya- nin substance.