山口红树林区稚幼鱼多样性及其对渔业资源的补充作用

Juvenile Fish Diversity in Shankou Mangrove Reserve and Their Recruitment to the Fishery Resources

于2010年4,10月,2011年1,5和7月对广西山口红树林区内稚幼鱼4个季节5个航次的采样数据进行分析.红树林缘潮滩和红树林内潮沟采样工具分别为定置张网及鱼笼.共采获稚幼鱼40种,隶属于8目24科,所有种类均为硬骨鱼类.红树林区各季节优势种变化较大.林缘潮滩优势种分别为:春季(4和5月)为前鳞鲻(Mugil ophuyseni)和花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus);秋季(10月)为印度小公鱼(Stolephorus indicus);冬季(1月)为前鳞鲻;夏季(7月)为短吻鰏(Leiognathus brevirostris)和斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus).林内潮沟优势种分别为:春季(4和5月)为眶棘双边鱼(Am-bassis gymnocephalus)和斑鰶;秋季(10月)为短吻鰏;冬季(1月)为前鳞鲻和纹缟鰕虎鱼(Tridentiger trigonocepha-lus);夏季(7月)为犬牙细棘鰕虎鱼(Acentrogobius caninus).以质量计算不同季节Margalef种类丰富度指数D,Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数H′以及Pielou均匀度指数J,潮滩平均值分别为D=1.83,H′=1.5,J=0.53;潮沟指数分别为D=1.63,H′=1.46,J=0.58.本研究表明山口红树林生态系统内稚幼鱼H′偏低.通过分析鳀科、鲱科以及鲻科鱼类在本研究区域内具有较为典型的生境转移现象,可以认为山口红树林区具有支撑近海鱼类育幼和摄食的作用,同时,该林区内稚幼鱼对当地渔业资源具有补充作用.

The data were collected through juvenile fish surveys in Shankou Mangrove Reserve in April,October 2010 and January,May,July 2011 respectively,which covered 4 seasons year-round.33 and 28 species were found at the mudflat and creek of Shankou mangrove area respectively,all the species were bony fish.The dominant species varied with seasons.The dominant species in the mudflat were Mugil ophuyseni and Lateolabrax japonicas in spring （April and May）;Stolephorus indicus in autumn （October）,M.ophuyseni in winter （January）,Leiognathus brevirostris and Clupanodon punctatus in summer （July）.The dominant species in the creek were Ambassis gymnocephalus and C. punctatus in spring;L. brevirostris in autumn;M. ophuyseni and Tridentiger trigonocephalus in winter;and Acentrogobius caninus in summer.Species biodiversity indices of the juvenile fish were calculated.The species richness D,Shannon diversity index H′ and evenness index J were 183,15 and 053 at the mudflat and 163,146,058 at the creek respectively.Compared with other mangrove areas,the biodiversity indices of juvenile fish were lower in Shankou mangrove area.By analyzing habitat shifting of Engraulidae,Clupeidae and Mugilidae,it could be concluded that Shankou mangrove provided nursery area and shelters for the juvenile fish,which played an important role of recruitment to local fishery resources.