宋元戏曲艺术思维的民俗成因——以善恶报应信仰为中心

Exploration of Folkloric Origins of the Art of Song-Yuan Musical Theatre with an Emphasis on the Concept of Retribution

宋元时期,善恶报应观念作为普遍的信仰习俗,深刻地影响着戏曲作家的艺术思维和艺术情感,进而决定着宋元戏曲的艺术形态。其中,因果思维有助于关目安排的前后照应,增加作品叙事的灵活性;整体思维使作者能够全面地进行结构布置,使作品成为一个完满自足的艺术世界;道德思维使宋元戏曲高度注重美与善的统一,并赋予作品以强烈的抒情色彩。从民俗角度来审视宋元戏曲乃至整个古典戏曲,有助于我们深入理解戏曲艺术的民族特征。

In the Song ＆ Yuan Dynasties, the belief in retribution impacts profoundly the artistic thoughts and sensibilities of the authors, thus defines the modality of tradition opera of the era. The scenario arrangement benefits from the thinking of cause and effect, and enhances the flexibility of narration; integral thinking enables the author to structure the work as a whole so that it becomes a self-sufficient artistic world; concern for mores determines the highly-regarded unity of beauty and benevolence in traditional opera of the Song ＆ Yuan Dynasties, hence the intense lyrical effect of the works. Observations on traditional opera in the perspective of folklore help us to understand better the characteristics of the art of traditional opera.