副词“从来”语法特点的历时差异及其解释

Diachronic Difference and Its Explanation of the Grammatical Features of Adverb "Conglai(从来)"

时间副词"从来"在中古、近代汉语时期的语法特点与现代汉语相比,存在一些差异。主要表现为:早期的"从来"经常位于句首,一般只能位于主谓之间;早期的"从来"在肯定、否定用法上没有明显倾向性,现代的"从来"则多用于否定句;早期的"从来"用于肯定句时,它和谓语之间一般不再需要表示强调的副词,而现代的"从来"一般则需要这些副词作为完句成分。产生这些现象的主要原因是:"从来"的源形式是否还对它产生影响;古今否定词系统的差异及古白话与现代白话在表达方式和语言风格上的差异;"从来"主观化程度的古今差异。

In terms of grammatical features,the adverb 'conglai(从来)' in Contemporary Chinese is different from that of Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese.'Conglai(从来)' is often placed at the beginning of the sentence in Middle and Modern Chinese,but between the subject and the predicate in Contemporary Chinese;there is no obvious tendency in both the affirmative and negative usage of 'conglai(从来)' in Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese, but it is mainly used in negative sentences in Contemporary Chinese;when used in affirmative sentences,there are seldom adverbs for emphasis between 'conglai(从来)' and the predicate in Middle Chinese and Modern Chinese,but those adverbs are needed in Contemporary Chinese.In the paper,the causes of these phenomena are also discussed.