集体企业产权制度的特点、弊端及改革方向

The Characteristics and Shortcomings of Collective-Enterprise’s Property Right and Its Reform Direction

文章认为 ,对传统集体所有制经济的战略调整和集体企业的产权制度改革是我国经济体制改革攻坚的重要内容 ,有关部门和企业应引起高度的重视。集体企业的产权制度具有复杂性、模糊性和混乱性的特点 ,形成了产权主体不明、财产占有大锅饭以及组织形式封闭化等突出弊端 ,不利于企业的发展。对于传统集体经济的改革 ,一是从宏观上进行战略性调整 ,对那些不适合集体所有和经营的企业进行产权转让 ,变为非公有化企业 ;二是从微观上进行产权制度改革 ,将企业资产量化到职工个人 ,转化为职工持股的股份制企业 ;三是在企业内部实行职工双重身份相对分离 ,增强职工的动力和压力 ,促进企业经营机制的转换。

It is an important content of China’s economic system reformation to adjust traditional collective-enterprise economy and reform the property rights of collective-enterprises. The related departments and enterprises should pay more attention to it. The complexity, faintness and chaos of collective-enterprise’s property rights lead to many shortcomings and are not use for development of collective-enterprises. How to reform the traditional colective-enterprises?First, adjust collective-economy from macro level. Transfer the property rights of the collective-enterprises which are not suitable for collective-ownership and collectively operating. Second, reform the property rights from micro level.Put the enterprises’assets to the staff and change it into shares of staff, finally the enterprises will become shareholding system one. Third, separate the staff’s worker identity from that of shareholder and strengthen the staff’s pressure and motivity to transfer the enterprises’ operational mechanism.