儒家富强观试析

The Confucian View on Prosperity and Powerfulness

儒家价值与国家富强的关系问题,一直是中国近现代思想和文化、学术史的一个"剪不断理还乱"的情结。儒家精英的富强观与世俗社会的富强观有着本质的区别。儒家的政治理想在"正德、利用、厚生惟和"。其中,"正德"是富强的基础,"利用"是富强的手段,"厚生"是富强的目的。所以,儒家的富强观,不是物丰兵利的富强,而是仁义充实的富强;不是急功近利的富强,而是长治久安的富强;不是自私自利、弱肉强食的富强,而是自他兼利、己欲达而达人的富强。一言以蔽之,儒家富强之真义,在道德之富强而不在物力之富强。儒家不为争强好胜而富强,而是为正德、厚生而富强。能令富强不异化、不偏离正轨的保证即在于正德,而厚生之终极目的仍然在于正德。从这个意义上说,正德不仅是儒家富强观的基础和保证,也是儒家富强观的目的与归宿。偏离"正德"的富强,是异化的富强,是害生的富强,不是儒家的富强。

The relationship between Confucian values and the prosperity of China has been a complex issue--“ cut ceaseless, manage to return chaos”, in the Chinese modem thought, culture and academic history. There is the essential difference between the Confucian elite＇s prosperous view and the secular society＇s prosperous view. The Confucian political ideal is the harmony of “Masanori, utilization, and ministry of health and welfare”. “Masanori” is the foundation of the prosperity. “Utilization” is the means of the prosperity. “Health” is the purpose of the prosperity. Therefore, Confucianism does not seek the prosperity for prevailing over others.