甲骨文植物词语缀述(上)

Words and Explanation Related Plant of Inscription on Bone or Tortoise Shell in the Shang Dynasty(Ⅰ)

在目前已发现的殷商甲骨文中,与植物相关的词语有一百多个,大体可分为三类:一,已考定的植物名词或与植物相关的文字;二,可知为植物或与植物相关但有待考证的未识之字;三,体现人与植物关系的文字;本文对这些文字作了穷尽性的考述,认为,甲骨文中植物词语虽然不多,却是非常重要的史料。据此不但可以考察三千多年前乃至更早期的人们对植物的认识水平,而且可以清楚梳理部分植物名实的流变及其栽培的历史,对植物学史、农业史、植物志的编撰都有着补苴罅漏的现实意义。

There are over one hundred characters or words related plant among the characters and words of inscription on bone or tortoise shell in the Shang Dynasty have been discovered. In which they might be divided into three parts after textual criticism： many characters or words have been affirmed as plants or linked to plant; some are thought about plant or related plant but needed continuously to textual criticism and some are considered to reflect the relationship between mankind and plant. All these characters and words collected were criticized and explained in greater detail in this paper, and we think although number of characters and words of inscription on bone or tortoise shell related to plant are fewer but they are very important history contribution. Based on those characters and words we might understand ancient people three thousand years ago how much knowledge to plants they had. Also we would dearly know how did revolute the characters and words related to plants, and how were cultivated the plants. All of them is very useful to the botanical, agricultural history and edition of flora