影响贮藏期荸荠腐烂病流行的因子研究

Affecting Factors on Epidemic of Corm Rot of Chinese Water Chestnut in Storage

对贮藏期荸荠球茎腐烂病病原菌组成、影响病害流行的相关因素进行较为系统的研究探讨。结果表明,荸荠贮藏期的温度决定优势病原菌种类,10～20℃时,青霉(Penicillium sp.)、尖孢镰孢霉(Fusarium oxysporum)等为优势菌;25℃和室温(16.4～30.0℃)下贮藏,棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)为优势菌。荸荠发病率即腐烂率在20～25℃和室温下时较低,而在10～15℃时则较高;贮堆高度在50～70 cm范围,发病率虽有差异但不显著;田间严重发生的生理性红叶病对球茎贮藏期腐烂病轻重无明显影响。荸荠贮藏病害发病速率在入贮前期较快,此后随贮藏时间延长而减缓。据模拟农舍贮藏荸荠病害的系统调查数据,建立了相应的预测模型。

The corm rotting pathogen found in Chinese water chestnut during storage and the systematic factors related to the disease preva- lence were studied in this research. Results showed that the Water chestnut storage temperature was the main deciding factor for advantageous pathogens; when the temperature was 10 -20 ℃, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum were rated as advantageous pathogens. However, when the storage temperatures were 25 ℃ and room temperature （ 16.4 -30.0 ℃ ）, Trichoclerma asperellum was rated as the advantageous pathogen. The corm rot incidence in Chinese water chestnut was lower under 20 -25 ℃ and room temperature, and higher under 10 - 15 ℃. When the corm pile reached the height of 50 -70 cm, the retting rates were not obviously differentiated. The rotting rates were also not obvi- ously differentiated between corms with or without red-leaf disease during the growth period in the fields. The epidemic infection incidence was fast-growing during early storage period, but then decreased as the storage duration prolonged. Based on the systematic investigation data obtained from the corm retting of Chinese water chestnut in storage farmhouse, the relevant forecasting models were established.