精养池塘水质生物净化技术研究

Study on Biological Methods of Water Purification in Intensive Fishponds

本研究首次在传统精养鱼池中构建了功能净化区,采用在浮床中栽种水蕹菜、吊挂背角无齿蚌和生物滤料净化水质。结果表明,与对照池相比,由水培蕹菜、背角无齿蚌和生物滤料组成的集成生物净化系统对精养鱼池水中TSS、CODMn、TN、TAN、NO2--N、NO3--N、PO34--P和TP都有较好的去除效果,尤其是1号池净化区,以对照池水质指标为参照标准,其对上述各污染物相对去除率分别为49.58%,30.13%,38.81%,37.31%,50.72%,56.13%,52.63%和40.96%;此外,各池水中的氨化菌数和硝化菌数的差别均不明显,而1号、2号试验池生物滤料上与水中的氨化菌数比值分别约为32∶1和49∶1,硝化菌数比值分别约为4∶1和4∶1,这说明生物滤料为上述两种氮循环细菌提供了良好的附着载体,有助于促进池塘水体中有机物的降解和氮的硝化作用。

In this trial, a water purification section which was separated from traditional intensive fishpends by planting water spinach, stock- ing clam and bio-fiher brush, was studied to improve water quality of the intensive fishpends for the first time. The results showed that the integrated system of biological methods was very effective in removing total suspended solids（TSS）, chemical oxygen demands（ CODMn ）, to- tal nitrogen （ TN ）, ammonium nitrogen （TAN）, nitrite nitrogen （ NO2- -N ）, nitrate nitrogen （ NO3- -N ）, orthophosphate phosphorus （ P043 - - P） and total phosphorus （TP）. In particular, the bio-systcm in pond No. 1 had the optimal effect on water improvement and the relative re- raoval rates （ the control standard was the pollutant value of control pond） of pollutants mentioned above were 49.58 %, 30. 13 %, 38.81 %, 37.31%, 50.72 %, 56.13 %, 52.63 % and 40.96 %, respectively. In addition, there was no obvious difference between ammoni- tier and nitrifying bacteria in water of various ponds in terms of quantity. However, the ammonlfler ratios of bio-brushes to water in pond No. 1 and pond No. 2 was 32：1 and 49： 1, respectively, and the nitrifying bacterial ratios of bio-brushes to water in pond No. 1 and pond No. 2 was 4：1 and 4： 1, respectively. It indicated that hio-brush provided a favorable medium for two bacteria above and help the decomposition of organic materials and nitrification of nitrogen.