冻融对中国高纬度地区湿地水环境及土壤养分的影响

Effects of freezing and thawing on water environment and soil nutrient in typical wetlands from northeast china high latitudes

为明确冻融作用对中国东北部高纬度地区森林沼泽湿地和灌丛沼泽湿地土壤养分及湿地水中各项指标的影响.以中国小兴安岭乌伊岭国家湿地保护区为研究对象,采用实验室分析和现场监测的方法,分析了冻融周期影响下的湿地水及两种类型湿地土壤中元素的变化规律.结果得出冻融循环对中国高纬度湿地水化学成分及土壤养分均有较大的影响,森林沼泽湿地水的氨氮、总磷、总氮分别增加了20.2%、38%、29.4%,灌丛沼泽湿地水的氨氮、总磷、总氮分别增加了27.6%、38.4%、34%;森林沼泽湿地枯枝落叶层中TN的含量下降了11.02%、TP下降了11.5%、有机质增加了25.23%;说明冻融对促进湿地有机物的积累,为湿地植物生长提供充足的养分和维持湿地生态系统平衡具有重要意义.

In order to make clear the effect of freezing and thawing on the northeast of China high latitude forest wet- land and shrub swamp soil nutrient and overlying water indicators, through field monitoring and laboratory analysis, with the China Wuyiling National Wetland as experimental subjects, an analysis is made of the change of wetland o- verlying water indicators and soil elements after a complete freeze thaw cycle. The experimental result shows that the concentration of the wetland water indicators and nutrient in wetland soil has changed substantially after being influenced by freezing and thawing. In forest wetland water, the concentrations of NH4 - N, TP and TN increased by 20.2%, 38%, 29.4% and shrub swamp increased by 27.6%, 38.4%, 34% ; In forest wetland litter layer, the concentrations of TN, TP decreased by 11.02%, 11.5% and organic matter increased 25.23%, indicating that freezing and thawing can provide nutrients for plant growth and contribute to maintain the balance of ecosystem.