从分家书看明清徽商培育子弟之道

Huizhou Merchants' Cultivation of Children in Ming and Qing Dynasties from Documents of Dividing Family Properties

明清时期徽商重视子弟的培育,向他们传授经商处世的各种知识,并将职业教育贯串始终,直到分家析产时。在分家书中,除了对财产分割作出明晰安排外,还从经验和教训两个角度传授经营知识或对经营活动的认识,从鼓励或惩处两个方面教导子弟,善待遗产,谨守先业。有些徽商更对驰名品牌作出谋求保全之策,尽量保持资本的集中和规模,以期恢扩前业,增殖资本。

Huizhou merchants＇ cultivation of children in the Ming and Qing dynasties included teaching knowledge of business and social practice, with professional education throughout and high expectation until they began to divide their family properties. In the documents of dividing their family properties, they not only divided properties clearly, but taught business knowledge and their views on business from the two perspec fives of experiences and lessons. They taught their children from encouragement and punishment to value legacy and maintain what they had inherited from their predecessors. Some Huizhou merchants wanted to preserve famous brands, keeping centralization and scale of capital in order to expand business and multi- ply capital.