节水灌溉是宁夏引(扬)黄灌区改造的必由之路

The irrigation systems in Ningxia Irrigation Area of Yellow River should be reconstructed by means of current irrigation

宁夏河套引黄灌溉已有两千二百多年历史 ,水地占全区耕地面积的 35 % ,粮食产量占全区粮食总产量的80 % ;但大水漫灌、淹灌 ,一把锹淌水 ,渠灌沟排一直沿用至今 .渠系有效利用系数为 0 42 ,“水稻加冬灌加渔池”用水量占黄河全年总引水量的 40 7% ,灌区盐渍化面积高达 45 0 % .为了改变这种传统的灌溉方式 ,必须进行全面的节水灌溉改造 .节水灌溉改造的目标 :平均每年从渠首少引水 2 0× 10 8m3 ;使渠系有效利用系数达到 0 6 5～ 0 75 ;减少水稻、冬灌面积和其他灌水量 ;输水管道化和田间灌溉喷滴微化率提高到 6 0 %以上 .

This study was aimed at remolding the current irrigation methods and systems to reduce the amount of irrigation water use in Ningxia Irrigation Area of Yellow River.The irrigation systems could be reformed and reconstructed by means of lining main and second canals,using pipes in tertiary canals,and well and canal multiple irrigation.To reduce the water use and save the limited water resource,the irrigation activities can be performed by using recycling water,and water saving irrigation,such as sprinkling,piping,dropping,plastic film,and border check irrigation.Some of the current irrigation schedules should be changed and reformed by spring irrigation rather than winter irrigation,controlling irrigation for rice instating of flood irrigation.About all,multiple plants and cultivation methods should be carried out in the irrigation region to develop a new agriculture area with economical and ecological benefit and sustainability.The new irrigation area is to obtain a water saving achievement of canal efficient coefficient by 0.75,using piping,sprinking,and dropping irrigation up to 60% of total irrigation area,consequently,reducing water use by 25%.