知识分类对天人秩序的映照——以类书《北堂书钞》为例

Ancient Classification of Chinese Knowledge and Order of Man and Cosmos——Analysis the Encyclopedia BeTangShuCao as an Example

类书是集聚知识的载体,所有类书作者都不可能摆脱生存环境而自行其是,无论编修主体怎样设定类目,都会受到自然与社会映象的无限诱导,或是自觉或是潜意识地将这种诱导激发的感知化为预设性的文字。沿着这个思路,加上中西关于分类的学说,形成了本文宗旨:知识分类是理解与诠释秩序的思维与方法,若是对原始思维、文明进程、类书分类的走向进行研究,以类书《北堂书钞》为样本,可以大致描绘出中国分类思维与具体操作的动态状貌;借助分类学说区分世界万象的能力,揭示分类是如何隐性地解释天人秩序,包括宇宙秩序、社会秩序与生活秩序。

The authors of Chinese ancient encyclopedia, unable to extricate themselves from environment no matter how they set up the category for their object, were Jnduced by image of nature and society, and actively or passively convert the mentality into preset text. Along this thought way, adding some western theory of classification, this paper form theme that classification is the mode and method of thinking. Assuming we study the moving path, from primitive thinking to classification of Chinese ancient encyclopedia, drawing support from Beitang Shucao, we can makeup the thought of Chinese classification and the state of concrete process. With the help of ability of classification theory which differentiate all things in world, this paper try to discover how the classification explain the order of cosmos, society, and life.