论国际争端解决机构的造法——以欧盟法院为例

On the Law-making by International Adjudication: Taking ECJ as an Example

国际争端解决机构造法的日趋成熟对国际法的发展产生了重要影响。造法的动力很大程度上来源于先例制度。由于先例制度的存在,国际争端解决机构的裁决带有路径依赖的性质,因此有可能独立于成员方创设的规则自成体系。同时,成员方也有援引国际争端解决机构先例的意愿,从而使得它的造法得以持续。欧盟法院的造法展现了国际争端解决机构造法的成熟形态,也说明了国际争端解决机构的造法为国际法的发展增加了一种可能性。

International law-making by international adjudication is a striking phenomenon. The impetus of lawmaking comes mainly from the precedent system. The precedent system makes the judgments of international tribunals have the characteristic of path dependency, so that they can be independent to some extent from the rule system created by their members. At the same time, since the memers also have an interest in practicing those precedents, the law-making can persist. The law-making by the Court of Justice of European Union illustrates the full potential of international adjudication in law-making. The law-making by international adjudication shows one potential way that international law can be advanced in the future.