中央政府主导下的地方政府竞争机制——解释中国经济增长的制度视角

The Local Government Competition Mechanism Guided by Central Government——The Perspective of Institution to Explain Economic Growth of China

近年来,政府治理机制对于转型经济的影响日益受到重视。本文致力于通过中央-地方政府的治理机制来对中国经济持续增长给予制度因素的解释。通过梳理相关文献,从一个更广的视角提出了经济增长解释框架——中央政府主导下的地方政府竞争机制,认为在强中央的政府主导市场经济中,中央政府通过政治集中和向地方分权,构造有效的政治激励和经济激励来培育地方政府间的竞争机制,以"增长竞争型政府"来推动经济发展。同时沿袭这个框架,从市场分割、公共事业缺失和FDI过度竞争三个角度阐述了这种政府治理机制的成本及其在宏观层面的表现。文章认为短期内通过机制补充和内部修正可以维持这种模式指导下的经济发展,长期看来,这种制度框架不足以支撑中国经济的发展,需要由经济转型和政治体制改革带来的新的制度供给来提供中国经济持续高速增长的内在动力。

In recent years,the government management mechanism has widely attracted economic researchers' attention,especially its effects on transition economy.This paper focused on the governance mechanism so as to do some institutional explanation for the phenomena of China's sustained economic growth.By carefully analyzing relevant literatures,this paper came up with an explain framework of economic growth,which was the local government competition mechanism dominated by central government.Firstly,in a market economy with a strong central government leading,the central government did political centralization and economic decentralization in order to provide local governments political motivation and economic incentive to create a competition mechanism,then the economy got development by local governments which competed for economic growth.Secondly,followed this framework,from the three aspects,market fragmentation,lack of public service and excessive competition for FDI,the paper pointed out the cost of the government competition mechanism and its performance in macroscopic level.Finally,this paper showed that we could maintain the economic growth under the guidance of this kind of mode in a short term,but for the long term,this kind of government management mechanism was not enough to support the development of China's economy,instead,it need new institutional supply to provide China's sustained economic growth inner power,and this new institutional supply only came from the transformation of the economic and political system reform.