再组织化与中国社会管理创新——以浙江舟山“网格化管理、组团式服务”为例

Reorganization and Social Management Innovation: A Case Study of "Grid Management and Cluster Service"

处于转型中的中国社会将不可避免地经历一个社会的再组织化过程。本文试图回答的问题是如何通过社会的再组织化来实现社会管理创新。基于对现有文献与实践状况的研究,从社区化、多元化和技术化等三个维度考察了浙江舟山"网格化管理、组团式服务"的社会管理创新案例。研究表明,该模式的形成正依赖于组织空间的社区化集聚、组织资源的多元化整合和组织信息的技术化连接。但在该模式的实施过程中也暴露出了许多影响管理和服务有效性的新问题。这说明,在未能充分动员社会自身的力量和彻底改变社会既定的组织化的形式与结构的情况下,现有的再组织化过程并不能充分保证社会管理创新的有效性与持续性。由于社会固有的组织化的形式,特别是"国家"与"社会"的组织形态及二者之间的结构关系等历史因素的影响,在进一步的社会管理创新探索中仍然需要冲破社会原有的组织化的障碍———不只是关涉政府(国家)组织的自我重塑,更为关键的将是社会自身的再组织化的实现。这无疑将会给社会管理的改革带来更大的挑战。以再组织化为视角,拓展中国社会管理创新的研究路径,有助于理解中国社会管理创新所面临的深层次矛盾和问题。

Chinese society in transformation period will inevitably experience a process of social reorganization.The objective of this paper is to illustrate how social management innovation happens during the process of social reorganization.Based on recent research on Chinese social management innovation,this paper analyzes a case of 'Grid Management and Cluster Service' of Zhoushan City in three dimensions: community-oriented,diversification,technicalization.The result shows that the formation of Zhoushan model is dependent on 'community-oriented gathering of organization space','integration of diverse organization resources' and 'technical connection of organization information'.However,in the implementary process,there are many new problems which limit the effectiveness of social management and public service.It reveals that if social forces can't be fully mobilized or the organizational form and structure of society can't be thorough changed,the process of reorganization can't adequately guarantee effectiveness and sustainability of the social management innovation.So the inherent organizational form of the society-especially the organizational form and structural relationship of 'state' and 'society'-and other historical factors have to be consideration.In further practical exploration of social management innovation,the original obstacles should be solved.It involves not only the remodeling of governmental(state) organization,but also the reorganization of the society itself.It will undoubtedly bring about greater challenges to the social management reform.Expanding on the previous research approach of Chinese social management innovation from the perspective of reorganization,this paper could help us understand the deep-seated problems of Chinese social management innovation.