制度变迁背景下的草原干旱——牧民定居、草原碎片与牧区市场化的影响

Grassland Drought in the Context of Institution Change——Impacts of Pastoral Sedenterization,Pasture Segmentation and Market Economy

气候变化对人类社会产生了重大的影响,但具体是如何产生影响的,以及气候变化与社会制度之间的关系如何等问题还缺少具体的讨论。研究通过内蒙古一个草原社区的案例说明,不适当的社会制度变迁是如何加剧了气候变化的危害。作为我国最大陆地生态系统的草原面临着严重的退化,随着牧民定居、草原分割和市场化,草原社区面对干旱呈现出严重的脆弱性,而这些又加重了干旱的影响。在干旱和制度变迁的共同作用下,牧民生计陷入不可持续的境地。

Climate change makes a great impact on our human society, however, issues like how these impacts took place and the relationship between climate and social institution still be lack of specific discussion. Through a case study in a pas- toral community of Inner Mongolia, the author found the inadequate institution arrangement aggravated the climate disaster. Between 1980s and 2000s, pastoral society in China had been undergoing rapid changes. The pastoral sedenterization, pas- ture segmentation and market economy reduced the social capital of pastoral communities and made the community more vulnerable to grassland drought. Under the impacts of both drought and the poor institution arrangement, the livelihood in the pastoral community was plunged into unsustainable territory.