基于两种定价模型分析下的基本药物定价模型研究

Comparison of Three Pricing Methods and Two Pricing Models for Essential Drugs

目的完善基本药物的定价体系。方法分析三种不同的定价方法（即成本导向定价、需求导向定价和竞争导向定价）的优缺点，并对基于定价方法推演出的两种药品定价模型（成本导向定价的演化模型和混合模型）进行比较。结果单纯的成本导向定价不合理，定价方法应将成本导向定价、需求导向定价和竞争导向定价结合起来。定价模型应在成本因素外考虑生产效率增长率、零售价格指数和市场供求状况，结合各因素制定基本药物定价模型。结论基本药物的定价应综合考虑各方面因素，使制定的价格更加合理、客观。同时，定价体系是一项系统工程，同时需要立法、政策措施和机构设置改革等同步推进。

Objective To improve the pricing system of essential drug. Methods The advantages and disadvantages of three pricing methods for essential drugs, namely, cost - driven pricing, customer - driven pricing, and competition - driven pricing, were analyzed and compared. A cost - driven pricing model and mixed model were built on the above - mentioned pricing methods. The strengths and weaknesses of the two models were compared. Results The cost - driven pricing is favorable to the enterprises, because information of cost is easily attainable, and the price is assured to be above the cost. But it lacks considerations of the market features such as demand and competition. The customer - driven pricing is customer - friendly, because it＇s made according to the market demand. But the customer＇s demand is hard to identify and the final price may not be accepted by the enterprises. The competition - driven model helps the enterprise to be advantageous to their competitors regarding price and still gain profit. But it＇s hard and costly to apply. Conclusion None of the three pricing methods for essential drugs are independently applicable. Productivity growth rate, retail price index, market supply and demand should be considered apart from cost to establish a reasonable and objective pricing system.