太白山鹿蹄草群落植物的生态位

Niche relationships among species in a Pyrola calliantha community of the Taibai Mountains

以2011年6-10月太白山自然保护区2 253~2 928 m海拔范围内鹿蹄草Pyrola calliantha以及主要伴生植物的个体数量、频度和盖度等为基础,分析了15种主要植物的生态位宽度、生态位相似比例和生态位重叠等。结果显示：①鹿蹄草,川陕风毛菊Saussurea licentiana,细叶薹草Carex rigescens,野草莓Fragaria vesca,堇菜Viola vere-cunda等的生态位宽度值较大,都大于1.0,说明这几种植物的生态适应能力较强,有较强的资源竞争能力;而夏枯草Prunella vulgaris,贯叶连翘Hypericum perforatum,刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus,香青Anaphalis sinica,蟹甲草Parasenecio forrestii等的生态位宽度值非常小,都为0。②15种主要植物间的生态位相似比例值大于0.500 0的有16对,占15.24%;鹿蹄草与生态位宽度值大的种相似程度较大,与生态位宽度值小的种相似比例较小。③15种主要植物的生态位重叠值主要集中在0.030 0~0.140 0（Lik）和0~0.140 0（Lki）;对鹿蹄草而言,L1k均明显大于Lk1,并且,它与生态位宽度较窄的植物的重叠值较小,Lk1也相对较小。

From June to October 2011, niche breadth, niche similar proportion, and niche overlap from 0.030 0-0.140 0 （L1k） and 0-0.140 0 （Lki） were determined for Pyrola calliantha and 15 primary companion species in the Taibai Mountains between 2 253-2 928 m based on frequency, population, and coverage. Re- suits showed that （1） niche breadth of Pyrola calliantha, Saussurea licentiana, Carex rigescens , Fragaria vesca, and Viola verecunda were high （values above 1.0） ; whereas niche breadth of Prunella vulgaris, Hypericum per- foratum, Acanthopanax senticosus, Anaphalis sinica, and Parasenecioforrestii were low （values of 0）. （2） Only 16 species-pairs （15.2%） had a niche similar proportion above 0.50. Also, the similarity ratios for species with a high niche breadth and Pyrola calliantha were greater than that for species with a small niche breadth. （3） Niche overlap between 15 main species exhibited resource sharing in a relatively stable state. In addition, when paired with species having a small niche breadth, Pyrola calliantha, with （L1k） 〉 （Lk1）, had a lower niche overlap andhad a lower （Lkl）. [Ch, 8 tab. 16 ref.]