阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征概述

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的特征是睡眠过程中反复发生上呼吸道塌陷。研究提示疾病有很多种病因,其中最重要的是咽扩张肌张力降低,如颏舌肌功能失调,肌肉的吸气活动与呼气活动不协调。其他原因有软组织疾病(如巨舌症或扁桃体肥大)、骨骼结构改变(如小颌畸形或颌后缩)。在肥胖人群中OSAS更常见,可能是因为颈部脂肪组织堆积导致咽呼吸道狭窄所致。该文简要描述OSAS的发病机制、流行病学、主要特征、诊断及主要手术治疗方案。

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome（0SAS） is characterized by repeated airway collapse dur- ing sleep. Researches suggest that the disease has a lot of causes, among which the most important cause is a reduction of the expansion forces of the pharyngeal dilator muscles, such as genioglossal muscle dysfunc- tion and discoordination between the inspiratory and expiratory activity of the muscle. Other described cau- ses are soft tissue disorders, such as macroglassia or tonsillar hypertrophy, and skeletal structural alterations such as micrognathia deformity or jaw retrusion. The syndrome is more frequent in obese people, where the accumulation of fat in the neck region results in narrowing of the pharyngeal airway. Here is to make a re- view on the pathogenesis, epidemiology, main features, diagnosis and major surgical solution of the disease.