木本曼陀罗北方引种后的栽培技术探讨

Cultivation Techniques for Datura arborea After Introduced to Northern China

探讨并揭示木本曼陀罗的引种特性,即不同的栽培措施对其生长发育及开花的影响规律,为其在北方的生产栽培提供理论依据。以黄花和红花木本曼陀罗为供试材料,研究不同施肥条件、不同光照强度、不同基质及酸碱度、不同温湿度条件和不同生长调节剂对北方引种的木本曼陀罗植株生长发育和开花的影响。结果表明:施用钾宝(N:12%,K2O:44%)后的叶片鲜重及叶面积增长率最多,施用复合肥(N∶P∶K=2∶1∶1)的变化与其差异不显著,但后者处理的植株花蕾总数与前者差异显著。遮光40%,光照强度为17 280～25 900lx的条件下,叶色花色最佳,开花数减少8.41%,但花径增加18.53%,花冠长增加22.02%。不同温湿度条件下,0～15℃生长缓慢,15～30℃和>30℃时的生长没有显著差异,生长势均强,且随着温度的提高,地径的增长幅度逐渐增大,但15～30℃时株型易控制,观赏性好。喷施浓度为0.5～1g/L的PP333溶液可有效缩短节间距,增加萌芽数。木本蔓陀罗在遮光40%,光照强度为17 280～25 900lx、空气相对湿度60%、土壤pH值为6.5～7.5的条件下叶片绿色浓厚,花多色艳。施肥以复合肥(N∶P∶K=2∶1∶1)为主,同时在整个生长期内施用3～4次钾宝,在植株萌蘖期后到开始拔节时期喷施0.5～1.0g/L的PP333 3次即可保证盆栽观赏效果。

The cultivation characteristics of Datura arborea were examined after it was introduced to from southern to northern China.The growing and flowering habits under different cultivation conditions were investigated to provide theoretical basis on the production of this ornamental plant in northern China.Varieties with red and yellow flowers were used to study the effects of different cultivation conditions on the growth and flowering,including fertilization,illumination intensity,medium,pH,temperature,humidity,and the applications of plant growth regulators.It was found that leaf fresh weight and leaf area increased obviously under fertilizing ＂Jiabao＂（N：12%,K2O：44%）and a compound fertilizer（N∶P∶K=2∶1∶1）.Differences between two treatments,however,were not significant.More flower buds were observed in the compound fertilizer group.Beautiful color appearance was observed in the group treated by 40% sunshading（17 280-25 900 lx）,however,the blosom quantity decreased by 8.41%,flower diameter increased by 18.53%,corolla length increased by 22.02%.Under different growing temperatures,the plant performed slow growing at 0-15℃and robust growing at 15-30℃ or higher than 30℃ without significant differences.The increase of temperature could enhance the growth rate of ground diameter.The plant exhibited good shape and ornamental value at 15-30℃.Spraying solution ＂PP333＂（0.5-1 g/L） could shorten internode length and increased flower buds.