国家级非遗“佛山彩灯”的“生产性保护”研究

Study on the Productive Protection of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage——Foshan Lantern

作为国家级非遗的佛山彩灯在明清时期成行成市,积淀了因商而生、倚商而承的产销传统,但因近代商业生态的破坏而式微。1956年以后,佛山彩灯被纳入企业集体生产,其艺人谱系得以建构,扎作技艺得到传承;并以市场为主导,应时应需而变衍生了新功能、新形式。这种借助生产、流通、销售等实现彩灯传承的方式,正是非遗"生产性保护"实践模式。因存在艺人队伍断层、本土市场不足、产业化风险等原因,彩灯传承遭遇诸多危机,亟待认真审视与破解。

As the national intangible cultural heritage, Foshan Lantern had been prevalent business in the Ming and Qing dynasties, accumulating historical tradition on producing and business selling. However, it turned to decline due to the destruction of modern commercial ecosystem. After the handicraft-industry cooperation in 1956, Foshan Lantern was incorporated into the enterprise collective production, and the artists lineages can be reconstructed and the craft can be inherited. As required by the market de- mand, it has changed into new function and new form. The way of inheriting Foshan Lantern with the production, circulation and sales is exactly the practical mode of productive protection. Nevertheless, because of the temporary talent shortage in the artist team, insufficient market localization, industrialized risks and other related reasons, there are still many problems in inheriting Foshan Lantern.