基于LCA理论的建筑室内装修健康损害评价

Health damage assessment of interior decorations based on the LCA methodology

为了对建筑室内装修和使用过程产生的大量有害物质对人体健康构成的威胁进行合理的量化评价,基于生命周期清单分析(life cycle inventory,LCI)方法和社会支付意愿(willingness-to-pay,WTP)的货币化评价方法,结合病理学和环境卫生学的成果,建立了建筑装修过程与健康损害指标之间的量化模型,实现了建筑装修过程的量化评价。在案例评价涉及到的建筑装修材料中,硝基涂料中大量含有的二甲苯的社会支付意愿达到162.54元/a,其对人体健康的损害最为显著。案例结果证明:本评价体系能够有效地识别装修过程中的主要健康损害源,并用货币化的方法进行表征,对于完善建筑工程环境影响评价方法体系、实现建筑工程健康损害的事前预测与控制具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。

The health impacts of the hazardous volatile substances for decorative building materials were assessed based on the life cycle inventory and willingness to-pay （WTP） methods with research on the pathology and environmental hygiene of the materials. A quantified assessment model was used to interpret the relationship between indoor decorative materials and health impact indicators. A case study shows that of all the materials considered, xylol, which is widely used in nitro coatings, has the most significant health impact with a WTP of 162.54 yuan/a. The assessment system effectively identifies major health impact sources in decorative materials with a monetized assessment, allowing prior prediction and control of the health impacts of decorative materials for building environmental performance assessment.