346名电焊作业工人健康状况调查结果

Results of health survey on 346 welders

目的了解电焊作业工人健康状况,为制定预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法选择1家大型国有车辆制造厂,对焊接作业环境职业病危害因素进行检测,对346名电焊作业工人的职业健康检查结果和问卷调查结果进行分析。结果 23个电焊作业岗位进行检测的职业危害因素总合格率为65.22%;346名电焊作业工人的检查结果:总异常检出人数为57人,总异常率为16.47%;有随着工龄增高的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肌肉骨骼疾患总的检出人数为227人,检出率为65.6%;随着工龄的变化,不同部位检出率亦有不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论电焊作业对劳动者健康损害是明显的,要在加强健康教育的同时采取积极、有效的防护措施,减少职业病危害因素对工人的健康的影响。

[ Objective ] To understand the health status of welders, and provide evidence for developing control measures. [ Methods] A large state-owned vehicle manufacturer was selected for detection of occupational hazards in welding operation envi- ronment. The results of occupational health examination and questionnaire survey on 346 welders were analyzed. [ Results] The to- tal qualified rate of occupational hazards in 23 welding positions was 65.22%. The health examination results showed 57 workers had abnormality, with incidence of 16.47%. THe incidence increased with the extending length of service, with significant differ- ence { P 〈 0. 01 }. Musculoskeletal disorders were detected on 227 workers with detection rate of 65. 6%. With the extending length of service, the detection rate was significantly different between operation spots I P 〈 0.01 }. [ Conclusion] Welding operation plays important role in health damage of workers. It is necessary to strengthen health education, to adopt active and effective protection measures so as to reduce the effect of occupational hazards on workers＇ health.