新疆某电石厂职业病危害控制调查

Investigation on occupational hazard control in calcium carbide plant of Xinjiang

目的调查新疆某60×104t/a电石厂职业病危害因素的危害程度、对劳动者健康的影响、职业病危害防护设施运行情况及其效果。方法通过现场检测和职业卫生学调查,检测该作业场所职业病危害因素浓度(或强度),分析其职业病危害程度,并对其进行定性、定量评价。结果检测生产性粉尘、物理及化学有害因素共34种,超过国家职业卫生标准的职业病危害因素有7种。涉及49个岗位,17个工种,企业现场检测,其中共检测粉尘点位76个,合格44个,合格率58%;检测化学毒物93个点位,合格84个,检测合格率为90.3%;噪声检测涉及41个点位,合格35个,合格率为85.4%;高温检测涉及30个点位,合格点位28个,合格率为93.3%。电离辐射、工频电场强度检测合格率为100%。结论新疆某60×104t/a电石厂职业病危害因素主要是生产性粉尘、物理及化学有害因素,以煤尘、电石粉尘、氯气、氧化钙、噪声、一氧化碳为主。企业要把超标作业点及其劳动者作为重点监视和管理对象;通过改进工艺流程,加强职工个人防护,采取有效的职业病危害防护措施保护劳动者健康,促进企业健康稳步发展。

[ Objective ] To investigate the ha_nnful level of occupational hazards, influence on health of workers, operation status of oc- cupational hazards control equipment and its effect in a 60 ~ 104 t/a calcium carbide plant of Xinjiang. [ Methods] Through field in- spection and occupational hygiene surveys, concentration （ or intensity） detection of occupational hazards in workplace was conducted to analyze the occupational hazard level, and evaluate its quality and quantity. [ Results ] A total of 34 kinds of productive dust, phys- ical and chemical harmful factors were detected, 7 exceeded the national standards of occupational health, involving 49 jobs, 17 trades. On-site detection showed 44 out of 76 dust detection points were qualified （58%）, 84 out of 93 chemical toxicants detection points were qualified （90.3%） , 35 out of 41 noise detection points were qualified （85.4% } , 28 out of 30 heat detection points were qualified （93. 3%）. Intensity of ionizing radiation and power frequency electric field was qualified in all detection points. [ Conclusion] The main occupational hazards are productive dust, physical and chemical hazards, coal dust, calcium carbide dust, chlorine, calcium oxide, noise, carbon monoxide in the 60 ~ 104 t/a calcium carbide plant of Xinjiang. Companies should take exces- sive operating points and their workers as the key objects of monitoring and management. By improving the production process, the protection of individual workers was strengthened, taking effective occupational hazard control measures to protect the health of work- ers and to promote healthy and steady development of enterprises.