节日仪式中的后土信仰与公共秩序——从后土祠农历三月十八传统庙会认识中国古代的春社传统

The Houtu Belief and the Public System in the Festival Ceremony——A Survey on the Tradition of Chunshe in Ancient China Through the Temple Fair Held on the March 18^(th) in Lunar Calendar in Houtu Temple

社是中国古老的文化传统和社会传统,是精神信仰与社会结构的结合。对社神后土的崇拜集中表现为一种年度周期性的公共区域信仰传统——社日。社日尤其是春社在长期的历史过程中,形成了较为固定的习俗与禁忌,民众在社日活动中巩固和强化了稳定的信仰共同体和地域共同体。晋南万荣县庙前村的后土祠农历三月十八传统庙会,由于独特的文化土壤,延续了古代春社的节日传统。通过对后土祠庙会的具体描述和分析,概括了古代春社具有原始性、公共性、宗教性、娱乐性等特点。同时指出古代春社发挥着寄托民众美好理想、规范民众生活、维系乡村公共秩序等方面的作用。

＂She＂ is an ancient Chinese cultural heritage and social heritage, and it is a combination of spiritual belief and social structure. The concentrated expression of the worship on the Houtu is an annual public regional faith tradition Sheri. Sheri especially Chunshe has formed relatively fixed customs and taboos in the long history, also people consolidate and strengthen the stability of the faith community and the regional community in the activities of Sheri. Because of the unique cultural soil, the traditional temple fair held on the March 18thin lunar calendar in the Houtu Temple of Miaoqian village in Wanrong County, south of Shanxi province, retains the festival tradition of the ancient Chunshe. Through the description of the temple fair in the Houtu temple, the author analyzed and summarized the specific characteristics of the ancient Chunshe, such as the primitive characteristic, the public characteristic, the religious characteristic and the entertaining characteristic. The author pointed out that the ancient Chunshe plays an important role in bearing the perfect expectations of the people, in regulating the lives of the people, and in maintaining the the public social order in the rural society.