英国近代走私贸易问题刍论

Exploration on the Smuggling Trade during Modern England

走私贸易是英国近代政治、社会与经济生态环境所滋生的一大"毒瘤"。其主要缘于英国政府所奉行的高关税政策,并因海关管理不善与弊端丛生而屡禁不止并呈猖獗化,亦是英国当时政坛吏治腐败的直接反映与缩影。18世纪80年代的小皮特改革标志着英国官方严厉打击非法走私贸易的态度和决心,维多利亚时代早期自由贸易的胜利使得走私贸易失去了其存在条件而渐趋消弭。

Smuggling trade was a ＂cancer＂ bred by the political, social and economic ecology during mod- em England. Mainly due to high tariff policy pursued by government, it became rampant by mis- managements of Customs administration and abuses despite of repeated prohibitions, Meanwhile, it is also a direct reflection and epitome of the otticialdom eorrnption in political arena. The Re- form of William Pitt in the 1780s symbolized the attitude and determination to crack down on ille- gal smuggling trade by stern regulation, the victory of free trade in the early Victorian era de- stroyed its basis and eliminated it gradually.