基于S-R-E的时体统一逻辑模型的构建

A Tense-aspect Unified Logical Model Based on S-R-E

时体范畴的功能研究取向在时的形态标记具有类型学差异方面基本达成共识,但在体的类型学差异研究方面仍然不足,体类型具有斯拉夫语和非斯拉夫语的跨语言差异。在时体统一研究观中,时取决于说话时间(S)和参照时间(R)的关系,体则取决于参照时间(R)和事件时间(E)的关系,但由于R和E均具有时点和时段的双重身份,以往研究对S-R-E的逻辑关系刻画缺乏全面性和普适性。形式语义解释模型中的时态算子引入则忽略了S-R-E三者在自然语言中可能存在的任何重叠情况。本文对Reichenbach①和金立鑫的时体理论作进一步修正和拓展,基于时点和时段的互动关系,建立了193种S-R-E逻辑组配模式,并以英语传统语法中的16种时态为例对模型进行了初步检验,同时英语的时体系统也得以建立。

While functional approaches to tense-aspect category have reached agreement on typological tense variation in morphological markers, problems still remain in typological aspect variation. Slavic and non-Slavic languages exhibit different aspect types. It is assumed from tense-aspect unified perspective that tense is determined by the relation of the point of speech（S） to the point of reference（ R）, while aspect depends on that of the point of reference （R） to the point of event（E）. Since either R or E can act as both time-point and time-interval, the depiction of S-R- E logical relations by former researchers fails to arrive at comprehensiveness and universality, and the introduction of tense operators by the formal semantic model neglects any overlaps among S, R and E. This paper attempts to revise and expand the tense-aspect theories by Reichenbach and Jin Lixin and establishes 193 S-R-E logical patterns based on the interaction between time-point and time-interval. The logical model is preliminarily examined with 16 tenses in traditional English grammar, and meanwhile a new English tense-aspect system is also established.