以汉语为母语者时空认知的心理现实性研究

A Psychological Reality Study on Space and Time Cognition for Chinese Speakers

空间和时间一直是两个最基本、最重要的哲学和语言学范畴,很多领域都对此有所研究。对时空认知的研究已成为认知语言学里最活跃的领域。但目前在国内外对以汉语为母语者时空认知的心理现实性研究还是一个新的课题,研究并不多见。本文通过两组实验试挖掘出以汉语为母语者在时空认知上的心理现实性特点。实验1证明以汉语为母语者在时空认知时的映射偏好为"物体/时间在动"映射模式。但在目标空间题中该映射偏好模式不起作用,说明在以汉语为母语者在时间认知的心理现实性上会潜意识地把自己面向的方向理解为"前方",而不会使用概念隐喻理论中的两种时空认知模式。实验2证明以汉语为母语者尽管在测试时存在两种不同的映射模式,但对于同一时间目标题人们总是倾向选用"时间在动"映射模式,不会对类似时间问题产生歧义的理解,这一点有悖于Boroditsky的研究结论。但是以汉语为母语者时空认知的心理现实性上的表现与其时空语言表达方面存在一定的差异,造成这种差异的原因将会成为这个领域研究的新方向,值得进一步探讨。

Space and time is always the basic and important research field for philosophy. It＇ s also the most active field for cognitive linguistics. However, such a research for Chinese speakers is quite new to cognition at home and abroad. This paper plans to find the characteristics of Chinese speakers＇ psychological reality on space and time eognitiou. The first experiment proves Chinese speakers＇ preference is object/time moving mapping, but such preference mapping doesn＇ t play any role in spatial target question, which indieates Chinese speakers unconsciously consider the direction they＇ re facing as ＂front＂. The second experiment proves Chinese speakers prefer to use time-moving mapping in temporal target question, even though they may choose different mappings in prime questions in the experiment, which is different from the conclusion given by Boroditsky. However, the psychological reality of space and time cognition of Chinese speakers is different from their spatiotemporal linguistic representation, and the reasons for that need further study.