贵州苗族独木龙舟的社会文化人类学考察

Study on the Dragon Canoe Culture of Miao Nationality on the View of Sociocultural Anthropology

基于布朗的结构-功能理论方法以及列维.斯特劳斯的结构-意义理论方法,提炼出角色-功能分析法、地位-功能分析法以及符号学的"能指"和"所指"分析方法,对贵州苗族独木龙舟文化进行了社会文化人类学考察。研究发现,除了参与竞渡比赛之外,独木龙舟文化活动的功能特征更多地表现为一种血亲伦理、一种地位表征以及一种特色教育,从而使得自己民族的社会结构更加紧密与稳定。其文化意义表达是:通过一种复杂的仪式结构使得自己民族在娱神、敬神的仪式过程中,获得神灵保佑年年好收成;通过一种复杂的情感结构使得自己民族能够自由释放一种英雄的情怀,来表达对英雄的怀念与崇拜;通过一种复杂的性格结构来表征自己民族的性格。整个文化意义表达内容深远而丰富。

Based upon Brown＇s theory of Structural Functionalism and Claude Levi-Strauss＇ theory of Structural Meaning, the dragon canoe culture of Miao nationality in Guizhou Province has been researched in sociocultural anthropology aspect through fieldtrip, which has been found that, besides competition, the functional feature of dragon canoe cultural activities is more performed as a consanguineous ethic, a status characterization and an idiomatical education. Thus it makes its ethnic social structure more tight and stable. Its cultural meaning is expressed through a series of complex ceremony structure which makes its people receive god＇s blessing for gaining yearly during the process of worship and entertainment gods; and through a kind of complex feeling structure which makes its people freely release a hero feeling to express their yearning and admiration to those heroes ; and through a complex character structure to show its people＇s character, the whole cultural meaning is profound and abundant.