“复合钟摆”运动生物力学原理在竞走技术创新中的应用研究

Application Research on Bio-mechanical Theory of Technique "Compound Clock Pendulum" Employed in Race Walking

目的及时总结和推广我国竞走技术训练理念与方法。方法以我国优秀运动员竞走技术为研究对象,运用专家访谈法、三维定点摄像法和影像解析法等主要研究方法对中国竞走技术进行研究。结果 2007—2008年中国男子竞走运动员平均步长增大4 cm,女子步长增大3 cm,腾空时间缩短为0.06 s;2011年男子平均步长又增大3cm,女子步长又增大3 cm,腾空时间缩短为0.05 s。中国竞走运动员步长增大、腾空时间缩短;髋起伏距离与大腿夹角、重心起伏和步长相关度分别为-0.456、0.822和0.548;高水平竞走运动员髋部摆动速度后摆阶段大于前摆阶段。结论竞走技术运动学原理是"近固定正钟摆运动"和"远固定倒钟摆运动"的单支撑附合钟摆周期性运动的项目;我国竞走经历了"小步幅、快频率"平动技术风格阶段和垂直转动技术风格阶段,形成了大步长、腾空短的"复合钟摆运动"三维转动技术风格;髋部起伏与大腿夹角和步长高度正相关,与重心起伏负相关,髋的动作幅度越大,运动速度越快,步长越大;高水平运动员后摆阶段髋部跟进快,前摆阶段加速能力强,支撑阶段髋部速度低损失率增大了步长和大腿夹角,降低重心起伏,增大了动作幅度,优化了竞走技术。

Object Summarize and spreading the training of method and idea of the racing walking training about Chinese elicit athlete in time. Methods The methods of literature, expert interviews, bio-mechanical testing and mathematical statistics was applied to study on technique bio-mechanical theory of race walker about Chinese elicit Race walker. Result 2007～2008 Chinese elicit Man race walker stride increase is 4 cm, woman walker stride increase is 3 cm, Fly time decrease Fly time is 0.06 s;2011 Chinese elicit Man race walker stride increase is 3 cm,woman walker stride increase is 3 em Fly time decrease, Fly time is 0.05 s. Chinese elicit race walker enlarge stride and decreasing flying time, dependence index be- tween hip fluctuation range and thigh angle, stride, BG fluctuation is -0.456,0.822 and 0.548, speed of hip is fast during behind swing stage than front swing stage. Conclusions Race walking theory is single supporting circle ＂clock pendulum＂ e- vent about synthesis of ＂near fixed clock pendulum＂ and ＂far fixed clock pendulum＂ . Chinese elicit race walker was style was experiencing ＂short stride and high frequency ＂ hip horizontal movement in post and hip vertical movement recently and now style is long step and short fling time of hip three-dimensional movement compound clock pendulum, high correlation between hip fluctuation range and thigh angle, stride and Negative correlation between hip fluctuation range and BG fluctuation. The large of Hip extent and the fast speed or the large of stride, lower hip velocity lose ratio enlarge stride and angle, lowed BG, elicit athlete Behind swinging stage hip Following up fast, Front swinging stage hip acceleration is high, Support stage hip speed decrease is lower, Enlarged stride and thighs angle, lowed BG and enlarged movement range, improved racing walking technique.