网球正手击球运动技能评价指标、标准及其实证研究

Empirical Research on Motor Skills Evaluation Index, Evaluation Criteria of Tennis Forehand Stroke

按照运动中是否涉及情境因素,运动技能分为开放式与闭锁式两种。如果在开放式运动技能教学中仍然采用"去情境"因素的纯技术传统教学,很难达到真正的学习效果。从开放式运动技能学习原理入手,建立开放式运动技能评价指标及其标准。以网球这项开放式运动项目为例,对开放式运动技能学习原理指导下的网球正手击球运动技能评价指标和教学内容进行组织安排,最终通过对教学实验结果的分析达到对开放式运动技能评价指标的实证研究。研究结果表明:移动时机、击球点最佳位置、步伐移动到位程度是网球正手击球技术学习过程中的重要影响因素,可见情境因素对开放式运动技能的学习效果具有重大影响。

According to the situational factors in sport, motor skills can be divided into open loop and closed loop, it is hard to reach to the ideal level of teaching, if it is still use the traditional/simplex and ＂anti-situational＂ teaching methods in the open loop motor skills teaching. From the start of the principle in open loop motor learning, we set up the evaluation index of open loop motor skills. Take for an example of open loop motor skills of tennis, the evaluation index and teaching content of forehand stroke are arranged in the principle of motor learning. Finally, we carry on the empirical research in the evaluation index of open loop motor skills, according to the analysis results of teaching experiment, the study results show that, movement opportunity/best location of hitting point ＇ evel of step movement are the key factors of motor leaning in tennis fore- hand stroke, it is clear that situational factors are essential to the open loop motor learning.