合肥市中学生独生与非独生子女的抑郁状况调查

Study on depression status of only-child and non-only-child middle school students in Hefei: a cross-sectional study

目的了解合肥市城区独生子女与非独生子女的抑郁状况及其影响因素,为独生子女的心理健康教育提供依据。方法运用分层整群抽样方法,采用抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS),UCLA孤独量表、自尊量表(the self-esteem scale,SES)和简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ),对合肥市3所中学共2 964名学生进行问卷调查。结果本次调查自评抑郁检出率为39.51%,其中独生子女抑郁检出率(37.14%)低于非独生子女(42.01%);独生子女的抑郁评分(47.11±8.14)低于非独生子女(47.75±8.48),两者的抑郁评分均高于全国正常人群常模(41.88±10.57)。多元回归分析显示孤独感、自尊程度和主观幸福感是独生与非独生子女抑郁的3个主要因素,其中父母离异是非独生男生的重要影响因素,而学习压力对独生子女尤其是女生的抑郁程度影响较大。结论中学生中独生和非独生子女普遍存在抑郁问题,家庭、学校、社会因素在独生子女的心理健康教育中不容忽视。

Objective To realize the current situation and influencing factors on the depression status of only-child students in the middle school in Hefei City. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 2 964 only-child students from 3 urban middle schools of Hefei City. These students were surveyed by self-rating depression scale （SDS） , UCLA loneliness scale, the self-esteem scale （SES）, simplified coping style questionnaire （SCSQ） as well as demographic information. Results Total rate of depression was 39. 51% among middle school students and the rate of depression in only-child students （37. 14% ） was lower than those in non-only-child students （42. 01% ）. Only-child students＇ depression scores （47. 11 ±8.14） was lower than that of non-only students （47. 75±8.48）, and both of them were higher than that of Chinese norm（41.88 ± 10.57 ）. Multiple factors analysis revealed that loneliness, self-esteem and subjective well-being were main factors for only-child and non-only-child students. Moreover, non-only-child boys＇ emotion of depression was related to parents＇ divorce. Study pressure had a great impact on depression among only-child students, especially among only-child girls. Conclusions Emotion of depression is widespread among middle school students, so we should take pertinent measures to develop psychological healthy education associated with school, family and society.