684对母婴过敏性疾病队列研究

Cohort study of 684 pairs of mother-and-child allergic diseases

目的了解上海市普陀区长征镇2岁以内婴幼儿过敏性疾病的相关影响因素。方法2008年1月至12月期间在普陀区长征镇社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊建卡孕妇为调查对象，进行问卷调查。并跟踪随访分娩后婴儿至2岁。纳入调查对象母婴746对，对完成全部问卷的684对母婴数据用SASV9．1统计软件进行数据处理和统计分析。结果本次调查显示普陀区长征镇地区婴幼儿湿疹、过敏性皮疹、喘息患病率分别是27．9％、18．9％、3．9％。多因素回归分析显示父母任何一方过敏、婴幼儿4个月内添加其他食品是婴儿湿疹的危险因素（P=0．0010、0．0341）；父母任何一方过敏也是过敏性皮疹的危险因素（P〈0．0001）。出生6个月内纯母乳喂养是婴幼儿喘息的保护因素（P=0．0257）。而其他因素如父母哮喘史，母亲孕期补充维生素、母亲特殊饮食习惯，婴儿补钙等均未见相关性意义。结论其危险因素主要有父母任一方过敏性疾病的遗传因素、婴儿本身的饮食因素（过早添加其他食品）。而母乳喂养（0—6个月）对婴儿喘息有保护作用。

Objective To understand allergic diseases related factors in Changzheng Town, Putuo District infants and young children. Method Pregnant women registered in Putuo District, Changzheng Town Community Health Service Center Child Health Clinic within the period from January to December, 2008 were enrolled into this survey, a questionnaire survey. The infants were followed up from birth to 2 years of age. The mother and child survey was conducted for 746 pairs, and 684 pairs had complete data. SAS V9. 1 statistical software was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Result The survey showed that prevalence of eczema, allergic rash, and wheezing was 27.9%, 18.9%, and 3.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that allergy in either parent and addition of foods other than milk in infants before 4 months of age were risk factors for eczema; allergy in either parent was also risk factors for allergic rash. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth to 6 months of age was a protective factor for wheezing in infants. Other factors such as parental history of asthma, vitamin supplements to the mothers during pregnancy, mothers＇ special diet habits, calcium level of infants, etc. had no significant correlation with allergic disorders in infants. Conclusion The risk factors for allergic disorders in infants included allergy in either parent and dietary factors of the infants themselves （prematurely adding other foods）. Breastfeeding （for 0-6 months of age） was a protective factor for infants＇ wheezing.