日照市2008～2011年中学生肺结核流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Among Middle School Students in Rizhao City,2008～2011

目的探讨中学生肺结核病流行情况,为完善结核病预防控制措施提供依据。方法对日照市2008～2011年中学生活动性肺结核病患者个案调查资料进行描述性分析。结果中学生活动性肺结核病患者以男生为多,占61.93%,年龄主要分布在17～20岁段,占65.91%,高中生占88.07%。病例发现时间多在冬春季节。因症就诊占43.18%,转诊占44.89%,因症推荐占3.41%,接触者检查占1.70%,健康检查占6.25%。延误诊断的患者中,患者延误占31.82%,医生延误占25.00%。PPD试验强阳性73例,占41.48%。治愈率达100%。结论中学生属于结核病高危人群,应进一步提高师生对结核病核心信息的知晓率,加强因症推荐工作,减少诊断延误;不论中学生活动性肺结核患者是否痰菌阳性,都应该做好流行病学调查工作,采取防控措施;对于与传染性较强的患者长时间密切接触者,不管PPD试验是否强阳性都应进行预防性治疗。

Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics of active pulmonary tuberculosis among middle school students, so as to provide basis for preventing and controlling measures. Methods A descrip- tJive epidemiological investigation was conducted on the epidemic data of puhnonary TB among middle school students in Rizhao from 2008 to 2011. Results Most of the patients were boys （61.93%）. Patients mainly distribute in the age of 17 to 20 year group,and accounted for 65.91%, main were high school stu- dents （88.07%）, and the winter and spring seasons were the peak time of the disease. Analysis identified that 5 factors had influence on visit,including symptomatic （43.18%）, referral （44.89%）, recommended （3.41%）, contacts checked （1.7%）, health check （6.25%）. The main impact factors on health-seeking delay included attitude to patient（31.82%） and doctor（25.00%）. Being tuberculin test strongly positive. There were a total of 73 cases （41.48%） of with tuberculin test being strongly positive active TB, and the curative ratio was 100%. Conclusion Middle school students were the focal point of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The integrated intervening measures might be helpful to decrease the cases with the Promoting middle school teachers and students＇ overall awareness rate, the health-seeking delay, raise discovery rate of TB, preventive treat.