腭裂儿童ABR表现的初步研究

Study of ABR in Children with Palatoschisis

目的 探索腭裂儿童听力受损情况及其听性脑干反应 (ABR)异常特征。方法 对 94例腭裂儿童进行ABR测试 ,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果 94例患儿 (188耳 )中 ,不同程度的听力下降共 15 0耳。患儿左耳ABR波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的峰潜伏期 (PL)分别为 2 14± 0 38、4 30± 0 41、6 2 0± 0 5 3ms ;右耳分别为 2 12± 0 39、4 2 9±0 44、6 2 1± 0 5 3。对照组左耳波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的峰潜伏期分别为 1 5 0± 0 13、3 74± 0 12、5 6 0± 0 15ms;右耳分别为1 6 0± 0 16、3 72± 0 13、5 6 2± 0 17ms。上述所有数据 ,患儿组与对照组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。 <3岁的 2 8例听力下降的发生率为 94 6 % (5 3/ 5 6耳 ) ,中重度异常占 6 6 7% ;3～ 6岁的发生率为 77 0 % (5 7/ 74耳 ) ,6岁以上至 12岁的发生率为 6 9 0 % (4 0 / 5 8耳 ) ,3岁以后听力中重度异常仅占 33 3%。结论 腭裂组听力下降发生率高达 79 8% ;其ABR的特点为波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的峰潜伏期均延长 ;腭裂组年龄越小的 ,听力损害发生率越高 。

Objective To explore auditory lesion degree in children with palatoschisis and abnormal characteristics of auditory brainstem respones (ABR).Methods Determination of ABR was carried out in 94 children with palatoschisis,and compared with 42 healthy children.Results Of 188 ears,audition in 150 ears ,in certain extent,deceased in involved children. Peak latency (PL) of waveⅠ,wave Ⅲ and wave Ⅴ in ABR were 2 14±0 38,4 30±0 41,6 20±0 53 ms in left ears and 2 12±0 39,4 29±0 44,6 21±0 53 ms in opposite site of the patients,respectively. PL of waveⅠ,wave Ⅲ and wave Ⅴ were 1 50±0 13,3 74±0 12 and 5 60±0 15 ms in left ears and 1 60±0 16,3.72±0 13, 5 62±0 17 ms in right ears of control group,respectively.Difference showed statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) in all data above mention compared with control group.Incidence of auditory lesion was 94.6%(53/56 ears) in the patients before 3 years old (28 cases).Middle and severe abnormality of audition only accounted for 66.7%.The incidence was 77.0%(57/74 ears) in the patients with more than 3～6 years old and 69 0%(40/58 ears) with more than 6 years old.Middle and severe abnormality of audition only accounted for 33.7%.Conclusion 1.Incidence of auditory damage was as high as 79.8% in plaltoschisis group;2.PL of wave Ⅰ,wave Ⅲ,wave Ⅴ were all prolongation in ABR character;3. The smaller age in palatoschisis group was,the higher incidence of auditory lesion was and the more severe the auditory damage was.