从“仁”字形体看孔子“仁”之内涵

On the Connotation of Confucian “Benevolence” in Terms of the Configurations of the Chinese Character“ren”

根据出土文献和传世文献,"仁"字的形体主要有:■、■、■、■、■、■、■、忎。经过考察,中山王鼎"■"与包山楚简"■"为一系,郭店楚简"■"与"■"、"忎"为另一系。其中,"■"与"■"可能于南北不同地域同时存在,"■"的出现当早于"■"、"忎";"■"或与"■"、"■"同时存在;"■"一系沿用至今,"■"一系后被废弃。《说文》所收古文"■"、"■"当是"■"略有变形,云梦秦简"■"则是受到包山楚简"■"的影响。"仁"是孔子思想的最高范畴。"■"系其形体再现了"尸祭"的场景,以对祖先、父母之爱,进而传递出"爱人"的思想;"■"系中"■"从身从心,反映了"修身"的理念。"爱人"与"修身"共同构成了孔子"仁"的内涵。

According to the unearthed literatures and ancient literatures, the main configurations of the Chinese Character ＂ren＂ are , and ;＂ ＂ from Zhongshan kingdom vessel and ＂ ＂ from Chu inscribed bamboo slips in Baoshan is a system; , ~ and＂ ＂ from Chu inscribed bamboo slips in Guodian is another system. ＂ ＂ and＂ ＂ perhaps exist in Noah and South regions as the same time,＂ ＂ is earlier than ＂ ＂ and＂ ＂ and＂ ＂ probably exist as the same time. ＂ ＂ system is still in use, thoughts. ＂ ＂, system expresses the thought of ＂loving the people＂ by reproducing the offering body sacrifice; ＂ ＂ constituted of ＂body＂ and ＂heart＂ in ＂ ＂ system expresses the idea of ＂cultivating one＇ s moral character＂. The connotation of Confucian ＂benevolence＂ is composed of ＂loving the people＂ and ＂cultivating one＇ s moral character＂.