贵阳市460例1～3岁幼儿气质特点分析

Analysis on Temperament Characteristics of 460 1～3-Years Old Infants in Guiyang

目的:探讨1～3岁幼儿的气质类型及气质维度特点,为早期干预提供理论依据。方法:采用Carey和McDevitt等人设计,经张劲松等人修订的幼儿气质问卷对在贵阳市儿童医院保健科体检的460名1～3岁幼儿进行气质测评,分别按年龄、性别进行分析。结果:幼儿的气质类型构成比为:易养型50.23%,中间偏易养型22.6%,中间偏难养型15.87%,难养型10.43%,启动缓慢型0.87%。幼儿气质类型在性别、年龄上差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。幼儿气质维度性别上差异没有显著性(P>0.05),活动水平和反应强度随着年龄的增长差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:1～3岁婴幼儿气质类型在性别及年龄上无明显差异,且以易养型、中间偏易养型为主。

Objective： To explore the temperament types and temperament dimension characteristics of 1 ～3-years old infants, and to provide theory basis for early intervention. Methods： A questionnaire designed by Carey, and McDevitt et al, and revised by Zhang Jingsong et al, was adopted and the investigation was carried out among 460 children aged 1 ～ 3, who were taking physical examination at the department of health in Guiyang Childreng Hospital. Temperament analysis was done according to different genders and ages. Results： The constituent ratio of infant temperament types were： E-type （50.23%）, I-E type （22.6%）, D-type （ 10.43% ）, I-D type （ 15.87% ） and S-type （0.87%）. There was no significant difference of type ratio between different genders, or among age groups. The remaining dimension has no significant difference between different genders. But the activity level and response intensity changed significantly along with the increase of age. Conclusions： Temperament type ratio of 1 ～3-years old infants has no significant difference between genders, and among age groups, and the main types are E-type and I-E type.