甲状腺炎的诊断和治疗

Diagnoses and treatment for thyroiditis

甲状腺炎主要分为急性化脓性甲状腺炎（罕见病）、亚急性甲状腺炎（涉及因甲状腺疾病就诊约5％的患者）和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（人群患病率10％～12％）；有随龄多发和女性高发的临床特点；细菌、病毒感染和自身免疫功能紊乱是主要的致病因素，食物碘含量过多会增加发病率。生活方式改变、适量食物碘摄取、免疫调节治疗抑制炎症过程为主要治疗措施。急性炎症过程均可控制，但存在复发和发生甲状腺功能低下的倾向。

Thyroiditis includes acute suppurative thyroiditis （a rare disease）, subacute thyroiditis （5% of patients with thyroid disease） and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis （prevalence of 10%-12%）, the incidence of which increased with aging and in female gender. Major pathogeneses of thyroiditis include infection with bacteria or virus and autoimmune dysfunction. Excessive iodine intake could increase thyroiditis incidence. The major treatments for thyroiditis include lifestyle changes, appropriate iodine intake from food, and immunoregulation for inflammation suppression. Acute inflammation process could be controlled; however, it is prone to recurrence and occurrence of hypothyroidism after treatment.