台风对红树林损害及预防的研究

Researches on Typhoon Damage to Mangroves and Preventive Measures

在深圳红树林自然保护区 ,台风对红树林影响的调查研究表明 ,11～ 12级或者更大的风力才会对红树林生态系统造成损害。台风对海桑类红树林的损害率最高达 80 % ,严重影响红树林的防护功能和其它效益。台风对红树林的危害跟林分起源、林分疏密度、树龄等存在着一定的相关关系 :人工海桑类林分受台风危害严重 ,而天然林很少受到危害 ;稀疏的海桑类林分较密度大的林分受台风的危害更严重 ;树龄较大的海桑类林分较幼树或幼苗受台风的危害更严重。提出在红树林造林时采取适当措施来提高红树林对台风的抵抗能力 :应适当密植红树林 (海桑类造林规格宜为 2 m× 2m) ;种植带要达到一定的宽度 (至少 50～ 10 0 m) ;固定初植的幼树幼苗以提高其稳定性 ;速生和慢生红树植物适当搭配 ;

The effects of typhoons on the mangroves was studied in Shenzhen Mangrove Nature Reserve,the results showed that only force 11～12 wind and greater wind could damage the mangrove ecosystem.The damaged rate of typhoons to mangroves like Sonneratia species was up to 80%,heavely influencing the protection function and other effects.The destruction of typhoons to mangroves was correlated to the origin,density,and age of the forest stand:The Sonneratia plantation was destroyed severely by typhoons,while the natural forests were little influenced;The sparse Sonneratia plantations were destroyed by typhoons more seriously than denser plantations;Elder Sonneratia plantations were destroyed by typhoons more seriously than the younger.To improve the ability of mangroves to resist typhoons,some measures in planting mangrove trees were proposed as following:The mangroves should be rational close planted (The planting specification of the Sonneratia is 2 m×2 m.);The plantation belt should be of certain wideness (at least 50～100 m);The first planted seedlings should be fixed to increase their stability;The fast growing and slow growing mangrove species should be mixed planted in proper proporations;Fine mangrove species with great resistance to typhoons might be selected as well.