社会性别规范与男同性恋者性身份认同

Gender norm and male homosexual identity

目的:了解中国社会性别规范与男同性恋者性身份认同的关系,为心理咨询和心理治疗领域帮助自我不和谐同性恋者提供参考依据。方法:采用方便取样,选取20名男同性恋者进行半结构式访谈,选取189名男同性恋者运用男同性恋性身份认同问卷(The Gay Identity Questionnaire),以及自编社会性别情况调查表进行调查。结果:男同性恋者普遍认同1和0的划分代表了性交模式的不同(3.35±1.27),但并不认同1和0的划分代表了社会性别特征(2.44±0.80)。男同群体认为0的社会压力大于1(3.05±1.20),并且倾向于向异性恋者隐瞒自己的1、0身份(3.09±0.08),而不向同性恋者隐瞒自己的1、0身份(2.54±0.86)。性身份认同第三阶段在"对于1、0身份的理解"、"隐瞒1、0身份"及"对具有女性特质的看法"方面多题的得分高于第四阶段(P<0.05)。结论:社会性别规范以及社会文化赋予1、0身份的额外含义会给男同性恋者带来压力。第三阶段到第四阶段的发展是同性恋者内心接纳自己性身份的重要转折,也是从自我不和谐状态到和谐状态的重要过渡。

Objectives： To understand the relationship between Chinese gender norm and male homosexual identity, in or- der to provide psychological counselors and therapists some advice to help ego - dystonic male homosexual. Methods： A conven- ient sample of 20 male homosexual was interviewed and 189 male homosexual were investigated with the Gay Identity Questionnaire and self - made gender situation questionnaire. Results： The male homosexual generally approve that the distinguish of ＂1＂ and ＂0＂ as different sexual intercourse（ 3.35 ± 1.27 ） , but they don＇ t agree that the ＂1＂ and ＂0＂ stand for gender role character （2. 44 ±0. 80）. Gays consider ＂0＂ have more social pressure than ＂1＂ （3.05 ± 1.20） and they tend to hide their ＂1＂ or ＂0＂ role to heterosexuals（3.09 -sO. 08） but not to homosexuals（2. 54±0. 86）. The score of Stage III in gay identity process is higher than Stage IV in many subjects（ P 〈 0. 05 ） , which include three topics as ＂the understanding of ＇ 1 ＇ ＇ 0＇ role＂, ＂hiding ＇ 1 ＇ ＇ 0＇ role＂, and ＂the view of femininity＂. Conclusion： Gender norm and the extra meaning adding to ＇ 1 ＇ ＇ 0＇ role by society and culture give male homosexual much pressure. In male homosexual identity process, the development from Stage III to Stage IV is most important, considering it is the transition from not accepting their sexual identity to accept it and also the important transition from being ego - dystonic to be ego - syntonic.